In the climate change context, the European Union has defined the basic objectives in terms of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector. Croatia, as a member State of the European Union, is obliged to plan the energy policy implementation in line with strategic EU documents and define a long-term strategy for low-carbon development accordingly. Within total final energy consumption in Croatia in 2014, the consumption share of the transport sector (of which almost 90 per cent applies to road transport) accounted for more than 32 percent, and the assumption determinants does not anticipate the share decline in the coming period. A generated CO2 emissions trend from transport indicates a significant increase in the period after 1990, but due to the fact that in the forthcoming period further mobility growth is expected, a significant problem to meet the requirements that are generally placed in front of the Republic of Croatia in the context of the reduction of CO2 emissions is identified. An additional concern is the fact of low level of energy efficiency achievement in the past period, which was confirmed by the calculated indicators for the transport sector. The results from sophisticated model for the assessment of the achieved emissions from transport indicate a high proportion of greenhouse gases and pollutants arising from the registered vehicle fleet. The conducted analysis found that there is great potential for the implementation of energy efficiency policies, which would consequently lead to a reduction in emissions, and this fact was quantified and taken into account when modelling the long-term energy consumption in the transport sector and the consequent emissions on the Croatian territory. Taking into account the basic econometric relations, the reference scenario of energy consumption in the transport of the Croatia was defined. In accordance with the determinants of the scenario, it is expected that the total demand for energy in transport will decrease by about 23 percent by 2050 compared to 2013. Thus clearly does not meet the goals of CO2 emissions reduction, which would decrease only by 12 percent compared to 1990 in this scenario. Accordingly, it is necessary to encourage the implementation of new technology in the form of electric vehicles, which would progressively lead to the achievement of the expected CO2 reduction in 2050 by about 60 percent compared to 1990, as confirmed by strong penetration of electric vehicles scenario modelling. The realization of such scenario would result in a series of positive externalities. Financial qualification of potential cumulative cost savings of approximately 1,039 million euros is expected in the period after 2030, in the case of renewable energy as source for electricity generation for the energy needs of electric vehicles. Well-timed development of the market of electric mobility will require a strong political impulse in the form of defining the necessary strategic, organizational, legislative and technical-economic basis to ensure a functional model appropriate for Croatian socio-economic conditions.